Yo,
I’m getting started with opengl es on android, and I’m stumbling on this problem that the textures are displayed upside down.
I do understand that the origin is at the bottom right. I think the vertex and texture coordinates I supply are correct:
static float triangleCoords[] = { // in counterclockwise order:
-0.5f, -0.311004243f, 0.0f, // bottom left
0.5f, -0.311004243f, 0.0f, // bottom right
-.5f, 0.622008459f, 0.0f // top left
};
static float texCoords[] = { // in counterclockwise order:
0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
1, 0.0f, // bottom right
0f, 1f // top left
};
I’m getting the same result (ie: upside down image) on the emulator for Nexus 5X and on my actual Galaxy S5.
I’m putting the full code below for the two relevant classes. It’s really the bare minimum for displaying a textured triangle. Anyone wanna take a look?
Thanks!
package textest;
import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.opengl.GLUtils;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
/**
* Created by David on 14/09/2016.
*/
public class TexTestRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
private TexTestTriangle texTestTriangle;
public Context context;
int textId;
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) {
GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
texTestTriangle = new TexTestTriangle();
textId = loadTexture();
}
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) {
GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
GLES20.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textId);
texTestTriangle.draw();
}
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) {
GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
public static int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode){
int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);
GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
return shader;
}
public int loadTexture() {
final int[] textureHandle = new int[1];
GLES20.glGenTextures(1, textureHandle, 0);
if (textureHandle[0] != 0) {
final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inScaled = false; // No pre-scaling
// Read in the resource
int resourceId = R.drawable.myimage;
final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resourceId, options);
// Bind to the texture in OpenGL
GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureHandle[0]);
// Set filtering
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
GLES20.glTexParameteri(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
// Load the bitmap into the bound texture.
GLUtils.texImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);
// Recycle the bitmap, since its data has been loaded into OpenGL.
bitmap.recycle();
return textureHandle[0];
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Error loading texture.");
}
}
}
package textest;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
/**
* Created by David on 14/09/2016.
*/
public class TexTestTriangle {
private final String vertexShaderCode =
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
" attribute vec2 texCoordIn; " +
" varying vec2 texCoordFrag; " +
"void main() {" +
" gl_Position = vPosition;" +
" texCoordFrag = texCoordIn;" +
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform sampler2D texture;" +
"varying vec2 texCoordFrag;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = texture2D(texture, texCoordFrag);" +
"}";
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private FloatBuffer texCoordBuffer;
// number of coordinates per vertex in this array
static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
static float triangleCoords[] = { // in counterclockwise order:
-0.5f, -0.311004243f, 0.0f, // bottom left
0.5f, -0.311004243f, 0.0f, // bottom right
-.5f, 0.622008459f, 0.0f // top left
};
static float texCoords[] = { // in counterclockwise order:
0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
1, 0.0f, // bottom right
0f, 1f // top left
};
private final int mProgram;
public TexTestTriangle() {
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(triangleCoords.length * 4);
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(triangleCoords);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
ByteBuffer bbtex = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(texCoords.length * 4);
bbtex.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
texCoordBuffer = bbtex.asFloatBuffer();
texCoordBuffer.put(texCoords);
texCoordBuffer.position(0);
int vertexShader = TexTestRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = TexTestRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader);
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader);
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram);
}
private int mPositionHandle;
private int texPositionHandle;
private final int vertexCount = triangleCoords.length / COORDS_PER_VERTEX;
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
public void draw() {
// Add program to OpenGL ES environment
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
// get handle to vertex shader's vPosition member
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
texPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "texCoordIn");
// Enable a handle to the triangle vertices
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(texPositionHandle);
// Prepare the triangle coordinate data
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(texPositionHandle, 2,
GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
8, texCoordBuffer);
// Draw the triangle
GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount);
// Disable vertex array
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(texPositionHandle);
}
}